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Chemistry of the Environment, 2/E
Thomas G. Spiro, Princeton University
William M. Stigliani, University of Northern Iowa, Center for Energy and Environmental Education

ISBN-10: 0137548966
ISBN-13:  9780137548965

Publisher:  Prentice Hall
Copyright:  2003
Format:  Paper; 489 pp
Published:  03/19/2002
Status: Out of Print


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Description

For sophomore/junior-level courses in Environmental Chemistry, with a general chemistry prerequisite.

Compact yet comprehensive, this text presents an unbiased and readable account of current environmental issues—with an in-depth explanation of the underlying chemical principles that determine the nature of the issues in question. It identifies major environmental issues in the areas of energy, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and analyzes the chemical basis of those issues and the links between socio-economic indicators and impacts on the environment. The text helps students to see how their knowledge of basic chemistry can be used to understand the nature of the Earth and the impact of human activity upon it.


Features

  • NEW - Background science—Now presented in special boxes, separated from the issues presentation.

    • Improves the flow of the narrative and allows for selective emphasis by students and instructor.

  • NEW - Updated cutting-edge environmental topics.

    • Provides the most current, relevant topics ranging from local scale to global, and with a historical perspective and future trends.

  • NEW - Added topics—e.g., decarbonization as a possible strategy for using fossil fuels, without exacerbating the greenhouse effect.

    • Gives students and instructors a broader base of topics to choose from and study.

  • NEW - Worked problems—Five to ten in each chapter.

    • Improves student comprehension and problem solving ability.

  • NEW - Boxed enrichment materials—Three to five in each chapter.

    • Helps students gain better understanding of the concepts presented and adds interesting tidbits to perk interest and fascination.

  • NEW - An appendix on organic structure.

    • Provides students with a convenient resource on organic structures.

  • Links between basic chemical principles and practical environmental issues—Portrays abstract chemical concepts at work and in the real world, providing a rich contextual understanding of the environment—e.g., combustion energetics of fossil fuels estimated from chemical bond energies; the earth's heat balance determined by infrared absorption of greenhouse gases.

    • Reveals fascinating linkages of seemingly disparate topics. Helps students gain a practical understanding of why chemical principles are important; helps instructors rouse students' interest in otherwise dry, pedantic subjects.

  • An unbiased, objective, and reasoned discussion of the issues—Provides depth and breadth in discussion of the issues and presents their pluses and minuses—e.g., first describes all the negative effects of the pesticide DDT; then cites the malaria disaster in Sri Lanka that occurred because DDT application was discontinued.

    • Allows students and instructors to draw their own conclusions.

    • Develops critical thinking skills.

  • Clarity of chemical description—e.g., features unique discussions of fuel energies in terms of atomic bonding energy; and redox potential as the chemical basis for understanding water pollution.

    • Provides much more than a pedestrian level of understanding of issues.

  • International perspective.

    • Provides an important global viewpoint to give a broader knowledge base and allows for comparisons.

  • Problem sets—Provides 20-30 problems in each problem set at the end of the chapters.

    • Helps students assess whether or not they understand the material.


New To This Edition

  • Background science—Now presented in special boxes, separated from the issues presentation.

    • Improves the flow of the narrative and allows for selective emphasis by students and instructor.

  • Updated cutting-edge environmental topics.

    • Provides the most current, relevant topics ranging from local scale to global, and with a historical perspective and future trends.

  • Added topics—e.g., decarbonization as a possible strategy for using fossil fuels, without exacerbating the greenhouse effect.

    • Gives students and instructors a broader base of topics to choose from and study.

  • Worked problems—Five to ten in each chapter.

    • Improves student comprehension and problem solving ability.

  • Boxed enrichment materials—Three to five in each chapter.

    • Helps students gain better understanding of the concepts presented and adds interesting tidbits to perk interest and fascination.

  • An appendix on organic structure.

    • Provides students with a convenient resource on organic structures.


Table of Contents

I. ENERGY.

1. Energy Flows and Supplies.

Prologue on Energy and Sustainability. Natural Energy Flows. Human Energy Consumption. Human Energy Sources.

2. Fossil Fuels.

Carbon Cycle. Origins of Fossil Fuels. Fuel Energy. Petroleum. Gas. Coal. Decarbonization.

3. Nuclear Energy.

Nuclei, Isotopes, and Radioactivity. Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes. Decay Chains: The Radon Problem. Radioactivity: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Radiation Exposure. Fission. Hazards of Nuclear Power. Is Nuclear power Part of the Future? Fusion.

4. Renewable Energy.

Solar Heating. Solar Thermal Electricity. Photovoltaic Electricity. Biomass. Hydroelectricity. Wind Power. Ocean Energy. Geothermal Energy.

5. Energy Utilization.

Heat Engine Efficiencies. Fuel Cells. Space Heating, Cogeneration. Electricity Storage: The Hydrogen Economy. The Materials Connection. Systems Efficiency. Energy and Society.

II. ATMOSPHERE.

6. Climate.

Radiation Balance. Albedo: Particles and Clouds. Greenhouse Effect. Climate Modeling. International Agreements on Greenhouse Gases.

7. Oxygen Chemistry.

Nitrogen Oxides: Free Energy. Nitrogen Oxides: Kinetics. Free Radical Chain Reactions.

8. Stratospheric Ozone.

Atmospheric Structure. Ultraviolet Protection by Ozone. Ozone Chemistry. Catalytic Destruction of Ozone. Polar Ozone Destruction. Ozone Projections. CFC Substitutes.

9. Air Pollution.

Pollutants and Their Effects. Photochemical Smog. Emission Control. Reformulated Gasoline: Oxygenates.

III. HYDROSPHERE/LITHOSPHERE.

10. Water Resources.

Global Perspective. Irrigation. Groundwater. U.S. Water Resources. The Oceans. Water as Solvent and as a Biological Medium.

11. From Clouds to Runoff: Water as Solvent.

Unique Properties of Water. Acids, Bases, and Salts. Conjugate Acids and Bases; Buffers. Water in the Atmosphere: Acid Rain.

12. Water and the Lithosphere.

Earth as Acid-Base Reactor. Organic and Inorganic Carbon Cycles. Weathering and Solubilization Mechanisms. Effects of Acidification.

13. Oxygen and Life.

Redox Reactions and Energy. Aerobic Earth. Water as Ecological Medium.

14. Water Pollution and Water Treatment.

Water Use and Water Quality: Point and Nonpoint Sources of Pollution. Regulation of Water Quality. Water and Sewage Treatment. Health Hazards.

IV. BIOSPHERE.

15. Nitrogen and Food Production.

Nitrogen Cycle. Agriculture. Nutrition.

16. Pest Control.

Insecticides. Herbicides. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).

17. Toxic Chemicals.

Acute and Chronic Toxicity. Cancer. Hormonal Effects. Persistent Organic Pollutants: dioxins and PCBs. Toxic Metals.

Appendix: Organic Structure.

Hydrocarbons: Alkanes. Branched Chains; Isomers. Rings. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Molecular Shape. Carbon Framework Representations. Aromatic Compounds. Hetero-Atoms; Functional Groups.

Index.



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Author Bios

Thomas G. Spiro is a Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University and has taught environmental chemistry there since 1970.

William M. Stigliani is a Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Education a the University of Northern Iowa.


Backcover Copy

Concise, comprehensive, readable, and current, Chemistry of the Environment, Second Edition, is the most thorough, up-to-date, and user-friendly treatment of environmental chemistry available. This book, designed for students who have taken or are taking general chemistry, explores and discusses topics such as energy flow through nature, the greenhouse effect, climate modeling, chemistry of the ozone layer, air pollution, redox potential and water pollution, toxic chemicals, and acid rain. Featuring an unsurpassed marriage of chemical principles with issues of environmental concern, this book is unrivaled in terms of its ability to explain the chemistry behind the headlines.

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