English

The market leader in argumentative rhetorics, Writing Arguments has proven highly successful in teaching students to read arguments critically and to produce effective arguments of their own.

With its student-friendly tone, clear explanations, high-interest readings and examples, and well-sequenced critical thinking and writing assignments, Writing Arguments, Brief Edition offers a time-tested approach to argument that is interesting and accessible to students and eminently teachable for instructors.

• Three editions are available: the regular Seventh Edition (0-321-36466-X) includes the rhetoric plus an anthology of arguments on contemporary issues; the Brief Seventh Edition (0-321-41290-7) includes the rhetoric only; and the Concise Fourth Edition (0-321-41289-3) is a redaction of the Brief Edition.
• Four major approaches to argument are introduced: the enthymeme as a rhetorical and logical structure; Toulmin's methods for analyzing and inventing arguments; types of claims; and the three classical appeals of logos, ethos, and pathos.
• Opportunities for students to practice what they have learned include numerous collaborative “For Class Discussion” exercises, “Microthemes,” and a variety of sequenced “Writing Assignments.”
• Numerous arguments in various genres in the rhetoric portion of the text illustrate argumentative strategies and rhetorical contexts and stimulate discussion, analysis, and debate.
• Plentiful student examples reflect genuine student voices writing on personal, local, national, and international topics.
• Comprehensive coverage of research emphasizes the importance of evaluating sources, provides up-to-date MLA and APA citation guidelines, and illustrates MLA and APA documentation styles with two student research papers.

• “Hybrid Arguments” are demonstrated in Chapter 10 so that students can see how strong arguments are seldom composed of a single stasis but rather make use of multiple claim types.
• Visual argument coverage in Chapter 9 has been updated and features four new color plates as well as other new images throughout the text that include Army recruiting posters and video games, a Wal-Mart corporate image ad, and a cartoon and web page opposing steroids.
• Kairos is introduced in Chapter 4 and developed in Chapter 7 using student-friendly explanations while also reflecting current academic scholarship.
• The treatment of fallacies in Appendix 1 has been revised to provide a fresh, shortened, and more useful introduction to these reasoning problems and features a new opening section on syllogisms, better explaining the difference between formal and informal fallacies.
• Dialogic argument has been emphasized in a refocused Chapter 8, helping students better understand the varieties of dialogic arguments and explaining more usefully the rhetorical contexts in which a writer might consider a dialogic rather than adversarial approach.
• Examples and illustrations have been revised to engage students’ interest by showing multiple perspectives of arresting issues.  Material has been garnered from current controversies such as the Texas legislature’s attempt to ban “sexually suggestive dances” in high school cheerleading routines.
• An improved “norming exercise” in Appendix 2, “Working in Groups,” eliminates the Sixth Edition’s outdated material about the fictitious Elwood Lunt and now features a sequence of easy-to-follow steps that can be productively integrated into a classroom hour.
• Tightened, streamlined, and livlier prose throughout the rhetoric section enables crisper reading and more cohesive instruction in a shorter text. 

Brief Contents

Detailed Contents

Color Plates

Preface  

Acknowledgments

I. OVERVIEW OF ARGUMENT  

1. Argument: An Introduction

What Do We Mean by Argument?

Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est"

The Defining Features of Argument

Argument and the Problem of Truth

A Successful Process of Argumentation: The Well-Functioning Committee

Gordon Adams, Petition to Waive the University Math Requirement (student essay)

2. Reading Arguments  

 

            Why Reading Arguments Is Important for Writers

            Strategy 1: Reading as a Believer

            Lisa Turner, "Playing with Our Food"

            Strategy 2: Reading as a Doubter

            Strategy 3: Exploring How Rhetorical Context and Genre Shape the Argument

            Strategy 4: Seeking Out Alternative Views and Analyzing Sources of Disagreement

            Council for Biotechnology Information, "Why Biotech Labeling: Why Biotech Labeling Can Confuse Consumers"

            An Analysis of the Sources of Disagreement between Lisa Turner and the Council for Biotechnology Information

            Strategy 5: Using Disagreement Productively to Prompt Further Investigation

 

3. Writing Arguments  

 

            Who Writes Arguments and Why?

            Tips for Improving Your Writing Process

            Using Exploratory Writing to Discover Ideas and Deepen Thinking

            Shaping Your Argument: Classical Argument as a Planning Tool

            Discovering Ideas: Two Sets of Exploratory Writing Tasks

            Writing Assignments for Chapters 1-3

II. PRINCIPLES OF ARGUMENT  

4. The Core of an Argument: A Claim With Reasons  

 

            An Introduction to the Classical Appeals

            Issue Questions as the Origins of Argument

            Difference between a Genuine Argument and a Pseudo-Argument

            Frame of an Argument: A Claim Supported by Reasons

            Application of This Chapter's Principles to Your Own Writing

            Application of This Chapter's Principles to the Reading of Arguments

 

5. The Logical Structure of Arguments  

 

            An Overview of Logos: What Do We Mean by the “Logical Structure” of an Argument?

            Adopting a Language for Describing Arguments: The Toulmin System

            Using Toulmin's Schema to Determine a Strategy of Support

            The Power of Audience-Based Reasons

 

6. Using Evidence Effectively  

 

            General Principles for the Persuasive Use of Evidence

            Rhetorical Understanding of Evidence

            Gathering Evidence

            Writing Assignments for Chapters 4-6

            David Langley, “'Half-Criminals' or Urban Athletes? A Plea for Fair Treatment of Skateboarders" (student essay)

 

7. Moving Your Audience: Ethos, Pathos, and Kairos  

 

            Ethos and Pathos as Persuasive Appeals: An Overview

            How to Create an Effective Ethos: The Appeal to Credibility

            How to Create Pathos: The Appeal to Beliefs and Emotions

            Using Images for Emotional Appeal

            Kairos: The Timeliness and Fitness of Arguments

 

8. Accommodating Your Audience: Treating Differing Views  

 

            One-Sided, Multi-Sided, and Dialogic Arguments

            Determining Your Audience's Resistance to Your Views

            Appealing to a Supportive Audience: One-Sided Argument

            Appealing to a Neutral or Undecided Audience: Classical Argument

            Marybeth Hamilton, "First Place: A Healing School for Homeless Children" (student essay)

            Appealing to a Resistant Audience: Dialogic Argument

            Ellen Goodman, "Minneapolis Pornography Ordinance"

            Rebekah Taylor, "A Letter to Jim" (student essay)

            Writing Assignments for Chapters 7 and 8

 

9. Conducting Visual Arguments  

 

            Understanding Design Elements in Visual Argument

            Drug Enforcement Administration, "A Single Hit of Ecstasy" (advocacy advertisement)

            Common Sense for Drug Policy, "What We Know About Ecstasy" (advocacy advertisement)

            The Compositional Features of Photographs and Drawings

            The Genres of Visual Argument

            The Pro-Choice Public Education Project, "When Your Right..." (advocacy advertisement)

            Constructing Your Own Visual Argument

            Leah Johnson, "Drink and Then Drive? Jeopardize My Future?" (student poster)

            Using Information Graphics in Arguments

            Incorporating Graphics into Your Argument

            Writing Assignments for Chapter 9

III. ARGUMENTS IN DEPTH: SIX TYPES OF CLAIMS  

10. An Introduction to the Types of Claims  

 

            An Overview of the Types of Claims

            How Knowledge of Claim Types Will Help You Focus an Argument and Generate Ideas

            Hybrid Arguments: How Claim Types Work Together in Arguments

            *Aaron Friedman, "All That Noise for Nothing"

 

11. Categorical and Definitional Arguments: X Is (Is Not) a Y  

An Overview of Categorical Arguments

Simple Categorical Arguments

An Overview of Definitional Arguments

The Criteria-Match Structure of Definitional Arguments

Conceptual Problems of Definition

Kinds of Definitions

Strategies for Defining the Contested Term in a Definitional Argument

Conducting the Match Part of a Definitional Argument

Writing a Definitional Argument

Writing Assignment for Chapter 11

Questioning and Critiquing a Definitional Argument

Readings

*"Low-Carb Diets Unhealthy Trend"

Kathy Sullivan, "Oncore, Obscenity, and the Liquor Control Board" (student essay)

Charles Krauthammer, "This Isn't a 'Legal' Matter, This Is War"

*Eugene Volokh, "You Can Blog, But You Can’t Hide"

12. Causal Arguments: X Causes (Does Not Cause) Y  

An Overview of Causal Argument.

The Nature of Causal Arguing

Describing a Causal Argument in Toulmin Terms

Three Methods for Arguing That One Event Causes Another

Glossary of Terms Encountered in Causal Arguments

Writing Your Causal Argument

Writing Assignment for Chapter 12

Questioning and Critiquing a Causal Argument

Readings

Daeha Ko, "The Monster That Is High School" (student essay)

United Way, "Kids Who Do Not Participate..." (advocacy advertisement)

*Olivia Judson, "Different but (Probably) Equal"

*Carlos Macias, "The Credit Card Company Made Me Do It!" (student writer)

13. Resemblance Arguments: X Is (Is Not) Like Y  

An Overview of Resemblance Arguments

Arguments by Analogy

Arguments by Precedent

Writing a Resemblance Argument

Writing Assignment for Chapter 13

Questioning and Critiquing a Resemblance Argument

Readings

Megan Matthews, "Whales Need Silence" (student essay)

*Matthew Miller, "It Shouldn’t Take a Disaster to Help America’s Blameless"

Sven Van Assche, "Knock! Knock!" (political cartoon)

Susan Brownmiller, from "Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape"

14. Evaluation and Ethical Arguments: X Is (Is Not) a Good Y  

 

            An Overview of Evaluation Arguments

            Criteria-Match Structure of Evaluation Arguments

            Conducting a Categorical Evaluation Argument

            An Overview of Ethical Arguments

            Two Major Ethical Systems

            Conducting an Ethical Argument

            Common Problems in Making Evaluation Arguments

            Writing an Evaluation Argument

            Writing Assignment for Chapter 14

            Questioning and Critiquing an Evaluation Argument

            Readings

            Sam Isaacson, "Would Legalization of Gay Marriage Be Good for the Gay Community?" (student essay)

            Tiffany Anderson, "A Woman's View of Hip Hop" (student essay)

            *Mike Luckovich, "The Military’s Raising the Enlistment Age" (political cartoon)

            *Geoffrey Johnson, "Marking Earth Day Inc."

            *David Holcberg, "Human Organs for Sale?"

 

15. Proposal Arguments: We Should (Should Not) Do Y  

An Overview of Proposal Arguments

The Structure of Proposal Arguments

Special Concerns for Proposal Arguments

Developing a Proposal Argument

Proposal Arguments as Advocacy Posters or Advertisements

Using the Claim-Type Strategy to Develop a Proposal Argument

Using the “Stock Issues” Strategy to Develop a Proposal Argument

Writing a Proposal Argument

Writing Assignment for Chapter 15

Questioning and Critiquing a Proposal Argument

Readings

Laurel Wilson, "A Proposal to Provide Tips for Hosts at Stone's End" (student essay)

Mark Bonicillo, "A Proposal for Universal Health Insurance in the United States" (MLA-style student research paper)

*Center for Children’s Health and the Environment, "More Kids Are Getting Brain Cancer.  Why?" (advocacy advertisement)

*Maia Szalavitz, "Let a Thousand Licensed Poppies Bloom"

IV. THE RESEARCHED ARGUMENT

16. Finding and Evaluating Sources

 

            Formulating a Research Question

            Understanding Differences in the Kinds of Sources

            Finding Books: Searching Your Library's Online Catalog

            Finding Print Articles: Searching a Licensed Database

            Finding Cyberspace Sources: Searching the World Wide Web

            Reading Your Sources Rhetorically

            Taking Effective Notes

            Evaluating Sources

            Understanding the Rhetoric of Web Sites

            National Resources Defense Council, "Spread of Active Sonar Threatens Whales" (web page)

 

17. Using, Citing, and Documenting Sources

 

            Using Sources for Your Own Purposes

            Creating Rhetorically Effective Attributive Tags

            Working Sources into Your Own Prose

            Avoiding Plagiarism

            Understanding Parenthetical Citation Systems with Bibliographies

            Understanding MLA Style

            Understanding APA Style

            Megan Matthews, "Sounding the Alarm: Navy Sonar and the Survival of Whales" (student research paper)

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Informal Fallacies

The Problem of Conclusiveness in an Argument

An Overview of Informal Fallacies

Fallacies of Pathos

Fallacies of Ethos

Fallacies of Logos

Appendix 2: The Writing Community: Working in Groups

From Conflict to Consensus: How to Get the Most Out of the Writing Community

Forming Writing Communities: Skills and Roles

Group Project: Holding a “Norming Session” to Define “Good Argumentative Writing”

"Bloody Ice"

"RSS Should Not Provide Dorm Room Carpets"

"Sterling Hall Dorm Food"

"ROTC Courses Should Not Get College Credit"

"Legalization of Prostitution"

A Classroom Debate

Credits  

Index

Argument  (Composition)
First-Year Composition - Rhetoric  [ARGUMENT]   (Composition)

• 
  Writing Arguments, Brief Edition: A Rhetoric with Readings, 8/E
  Ramage, Bean & Johnson
  ©2010 | Longman | Paper; 480 pp | Instock
  ISBN-10: 0205665764 | ISBN-13: 9780205665761
  Brief Description | Buy from myPearsonStore

  

   

  The market leader in argumentative rhetorics, Writing Arguments has proven highly successful in teaching students to read arguments critically and to produce effective arguments of their own.

   

  With its student-friendly tone, clear explanations, high-interest readings and examples, and well-sequenced critical thinking and writing assignments, Writing Arguments offers a time-tested approach to argument that is interesting and accessible to students and eminently teachable for instructors.

   

  Throughout the book, the authors approach argument rhetorically by emphasizing audience and context at every stage in the construction of an argument. Writing Arguments moves students beyond a simplistic debate model of argument to a view of argument as inquiry and consensus-building as well as persuasion, in which the writer negotiates with others in search of the best solutions to problems.
  
   

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