• Learning Objectives: Specific learning objectives appear at the beginning of each chapter, stating what is to be achieved upon successful completion of the chapter.
• Medical Assisting Competencies: Each chapter includes CAAHEP entry-level competencies for CMAs and ABHES entry-level competencies for RMAs.
• Competency Skills Performance: A list of competencies appears in chapters in which procedures are presented. For each competency, theory is discussed, required materials are listed, and the procedure is presented in the proper format with the task, conditions, and a space for the instructor to add the required standard (time limits, required accuracy, or necessary achievement).
• Medical Terminology and Abbreviations: Terms and their definitions appear at the beginning of each chapter as well as in the narrative and the comprehensive glossary. Phonetic pronunciations for difficult medical terminology are given in the comprehensive glossary.
• The Medical Assistant’s Role: Each chapter begins with a description of the medical assistant’s specific role as it pertains to the content presented in the chapter.
• Case Studies with Critical Thinking Questions: A thought-provoking case study is presented at the beginning of each chapter, with critical thinking questions interspersed throughout the chapter. Students must rely on the content in the text and their own critical thinking skills to answer the questions.
• Tips for Success: These are brief, helpful tips for professional success.
•  Concept Link: This is a tool for providing references to concepts presented in earlier or later chapters.
• Caduceus Chronicles: Interesting historical facts are inserted where relevant to highlight the text.
• Anatomy and Physiology: A discussion of anatomy and physiology is included in each of the body systems chapters. This, along with the medical terminology, should be used to reinforce the material in the rest of the chapter.
• Informational Charts and Tables: These appear throughout the text and summarize pertinent information for the reader. They provide students with visuals and comparisons to reinforce the lesson. In the specialty chapters they provide a quick reference for the disorders described in the chapter. Most tables include signs and symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Students should refer to these tables for information not included in the text.
• Color photos and illustrations support the textual material presented and reinforce key concepts.
• Chapter Summary: The chapter summary is an excellent review of the chapter content, often used for certification exams.
• Chapter Review Questions: End-of-chapter questions are provided in multiple-choice, true/false, short answer, and research format, and help reinforce learning. The review questions measure the students’ understanding of the material presented in the chapter. These tools are available for use by the student or by the instructor as an outcomes assessment.
• Externship Application: This feature places the student in an externship site with a simulated situation the student may encounter.
• Chapter Resources: This listing provides additional information (organization contact information, websites, etc.) related to the chapter content.
• Med Media: This link to the supplementary material available on the student CD describes the CD content as it relates to each chapter of the core text.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

List of Procedures

 

Section I: Introduction

 

Chapter 1: The Medical Assistant Profession and Health Care

Introduction

The Role of the Medical Assistant in Health Care

The History of Medicine

            Early Healing Practices

            Healing Based on the Supernatural

            Hippocrates and Early Contributors

Ethics and Patient Rights

            The American Hospital Association’s Patient Bill of Rights (1973)

Professionalism

            Communication and Medical Terminology

            Physical Requirements

            Character

Health Care Members

            Physician

            Physician’s Assistant

            Nurse

            Other Health Care Team Members

            Scope of Practice for Medical Assistants

Job Opportunities

Medical Assistant Educational Programs

            Certification Examination

 

Chapter 2: Interpersonal Communication

 

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Communication

Verbal Communication

            Oral Communication

                        Office Procedures

                        Telephone Procedures

                        English as a Second Language

                        Written Communication

            Symbolic Language

                        Sign Language

                        Braille

Nonverbal Communication

            Personal Space

            Body Language

                        Eye Contact

                        Facial Expressions

                        Gestures

                        Posture

Listening

Developmental Stages of the Life Cycle

            Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs

Barriers to Communication

            Cultural and Age Factors

            Defense Mechanisms

           

 

Chapter 3: Patient-Centered Care

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Patient- Centered Care

Wellness

A Holistic Approach to Health Care

            The Mind- Body Connection

Pain

            Types of Pain

                        Physical Pain

                        Psychological Pain

                        Phantom Pain

            Pain Assessment

            Pain Management

                        Patient Teaching

Patients with Special Needs

            Assisting Patients with Various Special Needs

                        Physically Challenged Patients

                        Visually Impaired Patients

                        Hearing-Impaired Patients

                        Patients with Speech Impairments

                        Culturally Diverse Patients

                        Emotionally-Challenged Patients

                        Geriatric Patients

 

Chapter 4: Considerations of Extended Life

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Extended Life Care

Organ and Tissue Donations

            Organ and Tissue Harvesting

            Donation Issues and Concerns

Transplant Costs

Organ and Tissue Donation Rules and Regulations

            Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

            Hospitals

Advance Medical Directives and Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care

            Living Wills

            Life-Prolonging Declarations

Hospice

 

Section II: The Clinical Environment

Chapter 5: Clinical Environment and Safety in the Medical Office

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Office Safety

Personal Safety Measures

            Body Mechanics

General Office Safety

Emergency Plans

            Fire and Electrical Safety

            Disasters

            Workplace Violence

            Workplace Security

            Incident Reports

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standards

            Patient Safety

Exposure Control Plan

            Standard Precautions and Infection Control Practices

            Engineering and Work Practice Controls

            Personal Protective Equipment

            Housekeeping and Laundry Decontamination   

            Hepatitis B Vaccinations

            Hazard Communication Program

            Training and Record Keeping

            Exposure, Post-Exposure, Evaluation, and Follow-up

 

Chapter 6: The Clinical Visit: Office Preparation and the Patient Encounter

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Clinical Visit

The Standard Medical Office

Prepare and Maintain Examination and Treatment Areas

Triage

            Critically Ill or Severely Injured Patients

Consent

            Informed Consent

Medical Records and Documentation

            Third Party Providers

            New Patient Medical Record Documentation

Procedure 6-1: Prepare and Maintain the Medical Record

Charting the Medical History and Client Visit

            Patient History

                        Personal History

                        Past Medical or Health History

                        CC, or Chief Compliant

                        Present Illness

                        Assessment of Body Systems

            Completing a Patient History

Procedure 6-2: Complete a History Form

            Charting a Clinical Visit

            Charting Procedures

                        Documenting a Client Visit

Procedure 6-3: Document a Clinical Visit and Procedure

 

Chapter 7: Medical Asepsis

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Infection Control

The Cycle of Infection

Natural Defenses Against Infection

            The Integumentary System

            The Immune System

            General Health

            Other Natural Defenses

Asepsis and Infection Control

            Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

            Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Infection Control and Precautions

            Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Hepatitis

            Patient Education

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

            Current Treatment

            Caring for the HIV/AIDS Patient

            Patient Education

Procedure 7-1: Hand Washing

Procedure 7-2: Nonsterile Gloving

Latex Allergy

            Education for the Patient or Health Professional

 

Chapter 8: Surgical Asepsis

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Surgical Asepsis

Surgical Asepsis

Sanitization

Procedure 8-1: Sanitization

Disinfection

            Sodium Hypochlorite

            Phenolics

            Alcohol

            Glutaraldeyhde

            Hydrogen Peroxide

Procedure 8-2: Disinfection

Sterilization

            Autoclave Sterilization

            Other Methods of Sterilization

Wrapping Instruments and Performing Sterile Trays

Procedure 8-3: Wrapping Surgical Instruments for Autoclave Sterilization

Procedure 8-4: Loading and Operating an Autoclave

Preparing the Surgical Field

Procedure 8-5: Opening a Sterile Surgical Pack to Create a Sterile Field

Procedure 8-6: Using Transfer Forceps

Procedure 8-7: Performing a Sterile Scrub (Surgical Hand washing)

Alcohol- Based Hand Rubs

Procedure 8-8: Sterile Gloving and Glove Removal

 

Chapter 9: Pharmacology and the Medication of Administrations

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Administering and Dispensing Drugs

Basic Pharmacology

            General Effects of Drugs

            Basic Functions of Drugs

            Prescription versus Over-the-Counter Drugs

            Drug Classifications

            Controlled Substances

            Drug Nomenclature

            Drug Reference Sources

The Prescription

            Safeguarding Prescription Pads

Procedure 9-1: Demonstrate the Preparation of a Prescription for the Physician’s Signature

Forms and Routes of Medication Administration

            Parenteral Administration

            Ampules and Vials

Procedure 9-2: Demonstrate Withdrawing Medication from an Ampule

Procedure 9-3: Demonstrate Withdrawing Medication from a Vial

Procedure 9-4: Demonstrate the Reconstitution of a Powdered Drug for Injection Administration

                        Intravenous Therapy

Procedure 9-5: Demonstrate the Administration of Medication during Infusion Therapy

Medication Measurement and Conversion

            Dosage Calculation

                        Metric and Household Systems of Measurement

                        Calculating Pediatric Dosages by Body Weight

Safety Guidelines for Administering Medications

Procedure 9-6: Demonstrate the Preparation and Administration of Oral Medication

Procedure 9-7: Demonstrate the Administration of a Subcutaneous Injection

Procedure 9-8: Demonstrate the Administration of an Intradermal Injection to Adults and Children

Procedure 9-9: Demonstrate the Administration of a Z-Track Injection

 

Chapter 10: Vital Signs

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Initial Clinical Visit

Vital Signs

            Temperature

            Taking the Temperature

                        Thermometers

Procedure 10-1: Performing and Oral Temperature with a Digital Electronic Thermometer

Procedure 10-2: Performing an Axillary Temperature with a Digital Electronic Thermometer

Procedure 10-3: Taking a Rectal Temperature with a Digital Electronic Thermometer

Procedure 10-4: Taking an Aural Temperature with a Tympanic Thermometer

Procedure 10-5: Taking a Dermal Temperature with a Disposable Thermometer

Procedure 10-6: Performing a Radial Pulse Count

Procedure 10-7: Performing an Apical Pulse Count

            Respirations

Procedure 10-8: Performing a Respiration Count

            Blood Pressure

Procedure 10-9: Measuring Blood Pressure

                        Errors in Blood Pressure Readings

            Weight and Height

                        Weight

                        Height

Procedure 10-10: Taking Height and Weight Measurements

Visual Acuity

Hearing Assessment

Preparing the Patient for a Physical Exam

            Gowning

            Draping

            Positioning the Patient

Procedure 10-11: Demonstrate Patient Positions Used in a Medical Examination

Assessment Methods Used in an Examination

            Assisting the Physician During the Examination

Procedure 10-12: Assisting the Physician with the Physical Examination

            Recurrent Clinical Visits

 

Section III: Diagnostic Testing in the Medical Office

Chapter 11: Minor Surgery

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Office Surgery

Surgeries Performed in the Medical Office

Implied and Informed Consent

Preoperative Care and Patient Preparation

            Setting Up the Room

            Instruments

                        Changing and Grasping

                        Cutting

                        Dilating, Probing, and Visualizing

Procedure 11-1: Preparing the Skin for Surgical Procedure

            Positioning and Draping

            Anesthesia

                        Local Anesthesia

Assisting with Minor Surgery

Procedure 11-2: Set up a Sterile Tray and Assist the Physician with Minor Surgical Procedures

            Sutures and Removal

                        Suturing

Procedure 11-3: Assist the Physician with Suturing

Procedure 11-4: Assist the Physician with Suture or Staple Removal

Recovery/Postoperative Care

            Patient Teaching and Dismissal

            Wound Healing

            Dressings and Bandages

Procedure 11-5: Change a Sterile Dressing

 

Chapter 12: Diagnostic Procedures

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Diagnostic Testing

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)

            Waived Tests

PPMP Tests

Moderate-Complexity Tests

High-Complexity Tests

Quality Control and Quality Assurance

Procedure 12-1: Checking the Accuracy of Glucometer Results Using Quality Control Methods

Regulations and Laboratory Safety

            Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

            Safe Medical Devices Act

Hospital Laboratory Setting

The Physician Office Laboratory

            POL Equipment

                        Centrifuge

                        Microscope

                        Electronic Equipment

Ordering Diagnostic Tests

            The Physician’s Order

            In-House Ordering

            Precertification

                        Precertification by Telephone

Procedure 12-2: Obtaining a Precertification by Telephone

            Scheduling with Outside Agencies

            Screening and Following Up Test Results

Procedure 12-3: Demonstrating Screening and Follow-up of Test Results

 

Chapter 13: Microscopes and Microbiology

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Specimen Collection

Microscopes

            Types of Microscopes

            Structure and Parts of a Microscope

                        Oculars

                        Objectives

                        Oil Immersion Objective

                        Arm and Focus Control

                        Light Source

                        Stage

                        Substage

            Using the Microscope

Procedure 13-1: Demonstrate Using the Microscope

            Microscope Maintenance

Microbiology

            Scientific Nomenclature and Morphology

            Normal Flora

            Pathogens

                        Bacteria

                        Fungi

                        Parasites

                        Viruses

Preparing Specimens for Microscopic Examination

            Preparing a Specimen Smear

Procedure 13-2: Preparing a Specimen Smear for Microbiological Examination

            Performing a Gram Stain

Procedure 13-3: Preparing a Gram Stain

            Preparing Wet Mounts

                        Saline

                        Potassium Hydroxide

                        India Ink

Specimen Collection, Storage, and Transport

            Collection of Stool Specimens

                   Fecal Culture Testing for Ova, Parasites, and Other Infectious Organisms

                        Fecal Occult Blood Testing

Procedure 13-4: Instructing a Patient in Collecting a Fecal Specimen for Occult Blood or Culture Testing

            Culture and Sensitivity Testing

                        Performing a Wound or Throat Culture

Procedure 13-5: Performing a Wound or Throat Culture Using Sterile Swabs

            Urine Cultures

                        Storage and Transport of Urine Specimens

 

 

Chapter 14: Hematology and Chemistry

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Hematology and Chemistry

The Anatomy and Physiology of Blood

            Plasma

            Blood Cells

                        Red Blood Cells

                        White Blood Cells

                        Platelets

            Blood Cell Formation

            Immunohematology

Blood Collection Equipment and Procedures

            Tourniquets

            Blood Collection Tubes

            Order of Draw

            Venipuncture

                        Evacuated Tube

                        Needle and Syringe

                        Winged Infusion (Butterfly)

Procedure 14-1: Perform a Butterfly Draw Using a Hand Vein

            Venipuncture Sites

Using the Evacuation System

                        Verifying the Orders

                        Obtaining Supplies

                        Identifying the Patient

                        Verifying Patient Preparation

                        Proper Patient Care

Procedure 14-2: Demonstrate a Venipuncture Using the Evacuation System

            Capillary Puncture Collection

            Performing a Capillary Puncture

Procedure 14-3: Demonstrate Performing a Capillary Puncture with Microcollection Tubes

            Transporting Specimens

Performing Basic Laboratory Testing

            Basics of Hematology Testing

            Manual Tests

Performing a WBC and Platelet Count with a Unopette Vial and       Hemacytometer

Procedure 14-4: Perform a WBC and Platelet Count with a Unopette Vial and Hemacytometer

                        White Blood Cell Differential

                        Preparing a Blood Smear

Procedure 14-5: Demonstrate the Preparation of a Blood Smear for a Differentiated Cell Count

Procedure 14-6: Prepare a Smear Stained with Wright’s Stain

                        Manual Hematocrit

Procedure 14-7: Demonstrate How to Perform a Microhematocrit by Capillary Tube

                        Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Procedure 14-8: Demonstrate Performing an ESR Using the Wintrobe Method

Blood Chemistry Testing

            Automated Chemistry Analyzers

                        Measuring Blood Glucose

Procedure 14-9: Demonstrate the Measurement of Blood Glucose Using AccuChek™ Glucometer

                        Measuring Blood Cholesterol

Procedure 14-10: Determine Cholesterol Level with the ProAct Testing Device.

                        Blood Typing and Grouping

            Immunology Testing

Procedure 14-11: Demonstrate How to Perform a Mononucleosis Test

 

 

 

Section IV: Medical Specialties and Testing

 

Chapter 15: Urology and Nephrology

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Urology and Nephrology

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System

            Kidney Function

                        Urine Formation

Renal Diseases

            Dialysis

            Urinary System Infections

            Neurogenic Bladder and Urinary Incontinence

            Obstructive Conditions

Diagnostic Procedures

Urinalysis

            Urinalysis Specimen Collection

            Urine Containers

                        General Specimen Handling

                        Clean-Catch Urine Specimen Collection

Procedure 15-1: Demonstrate Patient Instruction for a Clean-Catch Urine Specimen

                        24-Hour Specimen Collection

Procedure 15-2: Demonstrate Patient Instruction for Collection of 24-Hour Specimen

                        Specimen Collection by Catheterization

Procedure 15-3: Catheterization of a Female Patient

Procedure 15-4: Catheterization of a Male Patient

                        Appearance

                        Odor

                        Specific Gravity

Procedure 15-5: Measure the Specific Gravity of Urine with a Refractometer

            Urinalysis with Chemical Test Strips

                        pH

                        Specific Gravity

                        Protein

                        Glucose

                        Ketones

                        Bilirubin and Urobilirubin

                        Blood

Leukocytes

Nitrite

Procedure 15-6: Perform a Urinalysis with a Chemical Test Strip and Prepare the Specimen for Microscopic Examination

            Sediment Examination

                        Crystals

The Male Reproductive System

            Anatomy and Physiology

                        Penis

                        Scrotum

Procedure 15-7: Demonstrate Patient Instruction for Testicular Self-Examination

                        Internal Structures

            Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

                        Diseases of the Prostate

                        Male Reproductive Disorders

                        Sexually Transmitted Diseases

 

 

Chapter 16: Medical Imaging

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Medical Imaging

Radiology

            X-Rays

                        Radiographs and Contrast Studies

Procedure 16-1: General Procedure for X-ray Examination

                                    Mammography

                                    Angiography

                                    Arthography

                                    Cholecystography

                                    Fluoroscopy

                                    Computed Tomography

                                    Magnetic Resonance Imaging

                                    Sonography

                                    Nuclear Medicine

Equipment

            Portable or Flouroscopic Equipment

Safety Precautions and Patient Protection         

            Radiation Shields

Limited-Scope Radiography

Scheduling Radiographs

Assisting with an X-ray

            Patient Preparation and Instructions

            Preparation of the X-ray Room

            Terminology and Landmarks for Positioning

            Preparing a Patient for a Mammogram

            Preparing the Patient for Abdominal Contrast Studies

Filing and Loaning Radiographic Records

Procedure 16-2: Filing and Loaning Radiographic Records

 

 

Chapter 17: Cardiac Testing and Cardiology

Introduction

The Role of the Medical Assistant in Cardiology

Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart

            Heart Conduction

Diseases and Disorders of the Heart

            Coronary Artery Disease

            Angina

            Myocardial Infarction

                        Post-Myocardial Infarction

            Sudden Cardiac Arrest

            Hypertension/Hypertensive Heart Disease

            Congestive Heart Failure

            Pulmonary Edema

            Cardiomyopathy

            Arrhythmias

                        Arrhythmias Resulting from Impulse Formation or Origin

                        Arrhythmias Resulting from Conduction Disturbances

                        Arrythmias Classified According to Consistency of Point of Origin

                        Arrhythmias Classified According to Prognosis

Treatment        

            Infective Heart Disorders

                        Endocarditis

                        Myocarditis

                        Pericarditis

                        Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease

            Valvular Disorders

            Vascular Disorders

                        Phlebitis

                        Thrombophlebitis

                        Embolisms, Deep-Vein Thrombosis, and Thromboembolism                                          Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis

                        Aneurysms

                        Raynaud's Disease

                        Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)

Diagnostic Tests

            Electrocardiogram

                        Interpreting Waveforms on the ECG Tracing

                        Artifacts

Procedure 17-1: Perform an Electrocardiogram

            Holter Monitor

Procedure 17-2: Applying a Holter Monitor

            Stress Testing

            Echocardiogram

                        Patient Preparation and Instructions

            Thallium Scan

            MUGA Scan

            Blood Studies

Identifying Arrhythmias/Dysrhythmias

 

 

Chapter 18: Pulmonary Testing and Pulmonology

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Pulmonology

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Pulmonary System

            The Upper Airway

            The Lower Airways

            Pulmonary Physiology

                        The Mechanics of Gas Exchange

Diseases and Disorders of the Pulmonary System

            Lower Respiratory Obstructive Diseases

            Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions

            Malignancies

            Mechanical Insults

Pulmonary Assessment and Diagnosis

            Pulmonary Function and Other Common Diagnostic Testing

Procedure 18-1: Demonstrate Performance of Spirometry

                        ABGs and Pulse Oximetry       

                        Peak Flow Testing

Procedure 18-2: Demonstrate Performance of Peak Flow Testing

                        Mantoux Test

Procedure 18-3: Demonstrate Performance of the Mantoux Test by Intradermal Injection

Inhalers and Nebulizers

Procedure 18-4: Demonstrate Patient Instruction in the Use of an Inhaler

Procedure 18-5: Demonstrate Patient Assistance in the use of a Nebulizer

Oxygen Therapy

 

 

Chapter 19: EENT

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in an EENT Practice

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

            Disorders and Diseases of the Eye

            Diagnostic Procedures

                        Visual Acuity

Procedure 19-1: Measure Distance Visual Acuity with a Snellen Chart

                        Color Blindness

Procedure 19-2: Performing the Ishihara Color Vision Test

            Eye Treatments

Procedure 19-3: Perform Eye Irrigation

Procedure 19-4: Perform Instillation of Eye Medication

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear

            Diseases and Disorders of the Ear

            Diagnostic Procedures

                        Simple Audiometry

Procedure 19-5: Performing Simple Audiometry

            Ear Treatments

Procedure 19-6: Perform Ear Irrigation

Procedure 19-7: Perform Instillation of Ear Medication

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nose

            Diseases and Disorders of the Nose and Nasal Passages

            Diagnosis and Treatment

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat

            Diseases of the Mouth and Throat

            Diagnosis and Treatment

 

 

Chapter 20: Immunology and Allergies

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Immunology and Allergy

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Immune System

Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System

            Immunodeficiency Diseases

                        HIV/AIDS Transmission Prevention Strategies

            Autoimmune Disorders

            Hypersensitivity and Allergic Reactions

                        Diagnostic Procedures and Treatments

 

Chapter 21: Dermatology

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Dermatology

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin

Diseases and Disorders of the Skin

            Congenital Skin Disorders

            Infectious Skin Disorders

            Fungal Skin Conditions

            Pigmentation Disorders

            Benign Neoplasms

            Cancerous Skin Disorders

            Miscellaneous Integumentary Conditions

Cosmetic Treatment for Skin Conditions

 

 

Chapter 22: Endocrinology

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Endocrinology Office

Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System

            The Endocrine Glands

Endocrine Disorders

            Pituitary Gland Disorders

            Thyroid Gland Disorders

            Parathyroid Disorders

            Disorders of the Pancreas

            Adrenal Gland Disorders

 

           

Section V: Medical Specialties

 

Chapter 23: Emergency Care

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Emergencies

Emergency Resources

EMS

Good Samaritan Laws

Medical Office Preparedness

            Emergency Equipment and Supplies

                        Crash Cart and Emergency Medical Box

Emergency Intervention

            Emergency Assessment

            OSHA Guidelines

            CPR, AED, and Obstructed Airway

                        Airway

                        Breathing

                        Circulation

Procedure 23-1: Perform Adult Rescue Breathing and One-Rescuer CPR

                        Defibrillation

Procedure 23-2: Use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

                        Heimlich Maneuver

Procedure 23-3: Respond to an Adult with an Obstructed Airway

            Chest Pain       

                        Administering Nitroglycerin

            Respiratory Distress

                        Shortness of Breath

Procedure 23-4: Administer Oxygen

                        Hyperventilation

                        Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

                        Pulmonary Edema

            Shock and Anaphylactic Shock

                        Anaphylactic Shock

            Bleeding

                        Pressure Points

                        Application of Direct Pressure

Procedure 23-5: Demonstrate the Application of a Pressure Bandage

                        Internal Bleeding

                        Epistaxis

            Open Wounds

                        Abrasions

                        Puncture Wounds

                        Impaled Objects

                        Soft-Tissue Injuries

                        Traumatic Injury Emergencies

                        Pressure Bandages

Procedure 23-6: Demonstrate the Application of Triangular, Figure 8, and Tubular Bandages

            Thermal Injuries: Integumentary and Systemic

                        Integumentary Insults: Burns

                        Frostbite

                        Heat Exhaustion

                        Hyperthermia

                        Hypothermia

            Musculoskeletal Injuries

                        Fractures

                        Splint Application

Procedure 23-7: Demonstrate the Application of a Splint

                        Sprains, Strains, and Dislocations

            Allergic Reactions

            Neurological Emergencies

                        Decreased Level of Consciousness

                        Seizures

                        Cerebrovascular Accidents and Transient Ischemic Attacks

            Head Injuries

            Other Medical Emergencies

                        Acute Abdominal Pain

                        Diabetic Coma or Insulin Shock

                        Poisoning or Overdose

                        Poison Control Centers

                        Foreign Bodies in the Eye, Ear, and Nose

            Psychosocial Emergencies

                        Domestic Violence

                        Sexual Abuse and Rape

                        Depression

                        Suicide

                        Rage

                        Alcohol Intoxication

                        Psychotic Behavior

 

 

Chapter 24: Gastroenterology and Nutrition

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Gastroenterology Office

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System

            The Functions of the Gastrointestinal System

Nutrition

            The Food Guide Pyramid/MyPyramid Food Guidance System

                        How to Read a Food Label

            Nutrition and Health

            Factors that May Affect Caloric Intake

                        Obesity

            The Effects of Alcohol on Nutrition

            The Effects of Aging on Nutritional Status

            Diseases and Disorders Involving Nutrition

            Food Allergies and Food Intolerances

            Diagnostic Procedures

                        Colonoscopy

Procedure 24-1: Assist with a Colon-Endoscopic Exam

                        Sigmoidoscopy

Procedure 24-2: Assist with a Sigmoidoscopy

                        Rectal Suppositories

Procedure 24-3: Inserting a Rectal Suppository

            Patient Instruction in Nutrition

            Therapeutic Diets

 

Chapter 25: Orthopedics and Physical Therapy

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in the Orthopedic Office

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System

Bones

                        Joints

Muscles

            The Contraction of Muscle Cells

Common Musculoskeletal Diseases and Disorders

            Neoplasia

            Traumatic Musculoskeletal Conditions

                        Fractures

                        Other Traumatic Conditions

                        Amputation

Diagnostic Procedures

Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions in the Orthopedic Office

            Splints and Braces

            Casts

                        Cast Application

Procedure 25-1: Assist with Fiberglass Cast Application

                                    Cast Removal

Procedure 25-2: Assist with Cast Removal

            Physical Therapy Modalities

                        Thermodynamics

Procedure 25-3: Assist the Patient with Cold Application/Cold Compress

Procedure 25-4: Assist the Patient with Hot Moist Application/Hot Compress

                        Ultrasonography

Procedure 25-5: Assisting with Ultrasonography

            Assistive Aids for Ambulation

                        Crutches

Procedure 25-6: Demonstrate Measuring for Axillary Crutches

Procedure 25-7: Assist a Patient with Crutch Walking

                        Canes

Procedure 25-8: Assist a Patient in Using a Cane

                        Walkers

Procedure 25-9: Assist a Patient Using a Walker

            Prostheses

            Body Mechanics

Procedure 25-10: Assist a Patient to and from and Exam Table

 

 

 

           

 

 

 

Chapter 26: Obstetrics and Gynecology

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in the OB/GYN Office

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

            Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast

The Menstrual Cycle

            Menstrual Disorders

Contraception

            Infertility

Pregnancy and the Birth Process

            Delivery

            Obstetrical History

Procedure 26-1: Assist with a Prenatal Exam

            Complications of Pregnancy

            Breastfeeding

Gynecological Diseases and Disorders

            Assessing Vaginal Bleeding

            Sexually Transmitted Diseases

            Breast Disorders and Conditions

Procedure 26-2: Instruct the Patient in Breast Self-Examination

Routine Assessment

Procedure 26-3: Assist the Physician in the Performance of a Pelvic Examination and Pap Test

Diagnostic Procedures

Procedure 26-4: Perform a Urine Pregnancy Test

Treatment Modalities

            Cryosurgery

Procedure 26-5: Assist with Cryosurgery

            Psychological Considerations

 

 

Chapter 27: Pediatrics

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Pediatrics

Physical, Developmental, and Emotional Growth of a Child

            Monitoring Growth Development

Routine Visits (Well-Baby Checks)

            Measuring Growth

Procedure 27-1: Perform and Record Measurements of Height of Length, Weight, and Head and Chest Circumference

Procedure 27-2: Perform and Record Pediatric Vital Signs and Vision Screening

            Immunizations

Procedure 27-3: Perform Documentation of Immunization, both Stored and Administered

                        Storing Vaccines

Common Pediatric Diseases and Conditions

            Common Contagious Diseases of Childhood

            Congenital Neurological Disorders/Neural Tube Defects

            Congenital Heart Conditions

            Blood Disorders

            Other Conditions

Diagnostic Procedures

            Positioning and Securing the Child for Examination and Treatment

            Pediatric Urine Collection

Procedure 27-4: Perform Urine Collection with a Pediatric Urine Collection Bag

 

 

Chapter 28: Neurology

Introduction

The Medical Assistant’s Role in Neurology and Neurosurgery

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System

            The Central Nervous System

            The Peripheral Nervous System

            The Neuron

            Functions of the Nervous System

Assessing the Neurological System

Procedure 28-1: Assisting in a Neurological Exam

            The Glasgow Coma Scale

            Lumbar Punctures

Procedure 28-2: Assisting with a Lumbar Puncture

            Electroencephalography

Procedure 28-3: Preparing a Patient for an Electroencephalogram

Disorders and Diseases of the Central Nervous System

            Cerebrovascular Accidents

            Transient Ischemic Attack

            Epilepsy

            Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

            Parkinson’s Disease

            Multiple Sclerosis

            Headache

            Infectious Conditions of the Central Nervous System                

                        Encephalitis

                        Meningitis

                        Brain Abscess

            Brain Tumors

            Head Trauma

                        Concussions and Contusions

            Spinal Cord Injuries

            Disk Disorders

Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System

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