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Learning to Predict and Predicting to Learn: Cognitive Strategies and Instructional Routines
Thomas D. Wolsey, San Diego State University
Douglas Fisher, San Diego State University

ISBN-10: 0131579223
ISBN-13: 9780131579224

Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Copyright: 2009
Format: Paper; 144 pp
Published: 02/22/2008

Suggested retail price: $20.99
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Featuring practical instructional routines that are clearly linked to cognitive strategies students need to make sense of text, this book combines a rationale written from the perspective of current research that supports the use of the strategy or instructional routine with clear step-by-step directions and multiple examples from the classroom experiences of teachers across the United States.  These experiences appear as boxed features that are easily identifiable by the reader.  The text is written in such a way that readers may start on page one and work through the end of the book or use the book as a reference for their own practice or as an inservice tool.  Each cognitive strategy is linked via convenient matrices to the instructional routines that promote precision thinking on the part of students.

  • Differentiation between cognitive strategies for students and instructional routines teachers might use.
    • Provides teachers and preservice teachers with a means to think about the tools they use to promote cognitive proficiency on the part of students.  Often, strategies are used a catch-all term that does not clarify the difference between what teachers do and how students incorporate learn from those routines.
  • Boxed features: Real teachers’ explain how they have used the tools discussed in the book.
    • Provides teachers with examples to which they may be able to relate.  Instead of an isolated example, the voices of classroom teachers will explain how they have implemented instructional routines or promoted cognitive strategies for their students.
  • Sound rationale coupled with step-by-step procedures.
    • Teachers often like to know what works, but many texts ignore their need and desire to know why a strategy or routine works.  This text links rationale with tools so that readers will be able to explain why they are using a routine or assisting students to use cognitive tools to understand how they might think more precisely about the books they read.
  • Theme: Prediction.
    • Prediction is a popular request teachers make of their students, but often teachers lack sufficient experience or rationale to know how students might use prediction to increase precision in thinking about books and other texts they read.
  • Approach: Combination of both theoretical and research with useful tools students and teachers can implement tomorrow.
    • Many books take either a theoretical approach with little classroom application provided or a practical approach that does not help teachers understand why a given tool is useful and under what circumstances.  This book combines the best of both approaches to help teacher-readers understand why a strategy or routine is worth the instructional time that might be devoted to it.   

AN INTRODUCTION TO PREDICTION

What is Predicting?

Predictions Create Purpose

Predictions for Learning

The Structure of This Book

Conclusion

PART I        UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF PREDICTING IN LEARNING

The Benefits of Making Predictions

Humans: A History of Predicting

Processing Information: A Critical Aspect of Prediction

Developing Expert Predictors

Learning from Predictions

PART II        LEARNING HOW TO PREDICT:  COGNITIVE STRATEGIES FOR STUDENTS

1.    Attending to Text Features: Illustrations

2.    Attending to Text Features: Tables, Diagrams, Graphs and Charts

3.    Attending to Text Structures

4.    Attending to Literary Devices

5.    Accessing/Activating Background Knowledge

6.    Accessing/Activating Prior Knowledge

7.    Noting Word-Level Cues

8.    Making Inferences

9.    Asking and Generating Questions

10.  Making Connections

11.  Summarizing

12.  Visualizing

13.  Making and Asking for Clarifications

PART III        PREDICTING TO LEARN: INSTRUCTIONAL ROUTINES FOR TEACHERS

14.  Shared Reading

15.  Think Alouds and Models

16.  Question-Answer Relationships

17.  Directed Reading-Thinking Activity

18.  Reciprocal Teaching

19.  Know-Want to Know-Learn

20.  Guided Reading and Summarizing Procedure

21.  Cliffhanger

22.  Graphic Organizers

23.  Anticipation Guides

24.  Metacognitive Double-Entry Journals

25.  Hot Seat

PART IV        USING PREDICTIONS TO INCREASE PRECISION TEACHING

Knowing Students

Profiles in Comprehension

Feedback

Conclusion

 

Douglas Fisher, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Teacher Education at San Diego State University and the Director of Professional Development for the City Heights Educational Collaborative. He is the recipient of an International Reading Association Celebrate Literacy Award as well as a Christa McAuliffe award for excellence in teacher education. He has published numerous articles on reading and literacy, differentiated instruction, and curriculum design as well as books, such as Improving Adolescent Literacy: Strategies at Work and Responsive Curriculum Design in Secondary Schools: Meeting the Diverse Needs of Students. He has taught a variety of courses in SDSU¹s teacher-credentialing program as well as graduate-level courses on English language development and literacy. He has also taught classes in English, writing, and literacy development to secondary school students.

Precise and refined predictive thinking are integral strategies in promoting reading comprehension. Learning to Predict and Predicting to Learn: Cognitive Strategies and Instructional Routines is an invaluable tool for future teachers. The text:

 

·Gives teaches the tools to help students recognize patterns and predictors in text that will connect new material with current knowledge

·Unveils instructional strategies and teaching approaches that will increase student proficiency in prediction

·Offers ways for teachers to use prediction as a means of motivation and student engagement

·Validates the use of prediction to promotein reading comprehension

·Demonstrates strategies teachers can use to cultivate long-term understanding from predictive thinking

 

What do reviewers say about this text?

 

More than merely stressing that teachers should encourage students to make predictions…. this text stresses that for predictions to be worthwhile, they must actually help the student learn.

 Dr Jacquelyn Culpepper — Mercer University

 

The focus and theme are significant and timely. [The authors] are presenting a useful analysis of the topic that has a place in almost every classroom.

                                    - Mahmoud Suleiman — California State University, Bakersfield

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