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Better Policies, Better Schools: Theories and Applications
Bruce S. Cooper, Fordham University
Lance D. Fusarelli, Fordham University
E. Vance Randall, Brigham Young University

ISBN-10: 0205321526
ISBN-13: 9780205321520

Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Copyright: 2004
Format: Cloth; 336 pp
Published: 04/04/2003

Suggested retail price: $117.60
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This book brings together the latest research on the policy-making process and theories of policy studies, and applies them to key policy areas.

The policy areas examined in the text include: governance, curriculum and standards, accountability, labor relations, finance and school choice. The text examines these policy areas from multiple perspectives, or “lenses,” blending diverse perspectives into a coherent, unified framework consisting of normative, structural, constituent, and technical dimensions. The three parts of the book flow from an introduction of the framework to the policy process to application in policy arenas such as government and finance.

  • The book is divided into three distinct parts—Theory, Process, Application—to make information accessible and useful.
  • Policies are examined using four frameworks or “policy lenses”—normative, structural, constituent, and technical—to enable students to view policy in a range of complexity.
  • Many examples of current policies regarding accountability, human resources, and finance are examined throughout the text to show how policies are translated from theory to practice.
  • Each chapter begins with a “Policy Vignette” to provide real examples of policy problems.
  • Chapters end with chapter assignments, activities, bibliographic lists of classic readings, and references allowing students to integrate chapter materials and extend their research and knowledge.

Each chapter begins with an introduction and concludes with “Chapter Discussion Questions,” “Chapter Assignments and Activities,” “Seminal Works,” and “References.”

Foreword (by James G. Cibulka).

Preface.

Dedication.

I. EDUCATION POLICY: THEORIES AND CONCEPTS.

1. Introduction.

Policy Defined.

Formation of a Field: Policy Studies.

Formation of a Sub-Field: Policy Studies in Education.

Emerging Research Directions: Incorporating History into Education.

Policy Studies.

Emerging Research Directions: Viewing Policy Through Multiple Lenses.

Theories of Education Policymaking: An Overview.

A Call for Theoretical Pluralism.

Structure of the Book.

2. Theories of Education Policymaking.

Policy Vignette.

Positivist Theories of Policymaking in Education.

Systems Theory.

Shortcomings of Systems Theory.

Advocacy Coalition and Interest Group Models.

Shortcomings of Neo-Pluralist Advocacy Coalition and Interest Group Theories.

Neo-Institutional Theory.

Shortcomings of Neo-Institutional Theory.

Interpretivist Theories of Policymaking in Education.

Critical Theory.

Feminist Theory.

Postmodernism.

Ideological Perspectives: From Left to Right.

Shortcomings of Interpretivist Theories of Policymaking.

A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Policymaking in Education.

Normative Dimension.

Structural Dimension.

Constituentive Dimension.

Technical Dimension.

Ethics and Social Justice: The Core of the Four-Dimensional Framework.

Barriers to Ethical Considerations in Education Policy.

Incorporating Ethics and Social Justice into Education Policy Studies.

II. THE POLICYMAKING PROCESS.

3. The Birth of Policy: Problem Definition, Agenda Setting, and Policy Formulation.

Policy Vignette: The Problem of Defining Desegregation.

Problem Definition.

Conditions and Problems.

Agenda Setting.

The Role of the Media.

Policy Vignette: Agenda Setting, Sputnik, and Education Policy.

The Power of Language in Problem Definition and Agenda Setting.

Policy Vignette: Defining Pathology: Who's At-Risk?

The Role of Political Culture in Agenda Setting.

The Normative Dimension.

Institutional Effects on Agenda Setting.

The Structural and Technical Dimensions.

Interest Groups and Policy Formulation.

The Constituentive Dimension.

4. Education Policy Implementation.

Stages of Education Policy Implementation Research.

Policy Implementation in Loosely Coupled Systems.

Street Level Bureaucrats.

Policy Vignette: Implementing ESEA.

Successful Policy Implementation.

Normative Dimension.

Structural Dimension.

Constituentive Dimension.

Technical Dimension.

Spillover Effects.

Conclusion.

5. Using Evaluation to Improve Education.

Trends Toward Better Policy Evaluation.

The Policy Evaluation Process.

Defining Policy Evaluation.

Four Dimensions of Policy Evaluation.

Policy Vignette: Evaluating Head Start.

Policy Vignette: Evaluating Title I/Chapter I.

History of Policy Analysis and Evaluation.

Normative Dimension.

Post-Positivism or Science?

Philosophical Basis of Policy Evaluation.

Structural Dimension.

Federal Evaluation: A View from the Structural Dimension.

Constituentive Dimension.

Technical Dimension.

Overcoming Barriers to Good Policy Evaluation.

Improving Education Policy Evaluation.

Effects of Improved Policy Evaluation in Education.

III. EDUCATION POLICY AND SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT: APPLICATIONS AND CASES.

6. Better Governance, Better Schools: School Governance and Policy in Education.

The General Concept of Governance.

Historical Foundations of Governance.

Theoretical Foundations of Governance.

Policy Vignette: Book Banning, Censorship, and Governance.

Dimensional Foundations of Governance.

Federalism.

Viewing Educational Governance Through Different Policy Lenses.

Normative Dimension.

Structural Dimension.

Constituentive Dimension.

Technical Dimension.

Final Thoughts.

7. Better Policies for Improved Curriculum, Standards, and Testing.

Normative Dimension.

Compulsory Education Policies.

Home Schooling: A More Recent Case.

Types of Curriculum.

Structural Dimension.

The Case of California's Proposition 227.

Constituentive Dimension.

Technical Dimension.

Academic Standards.

Test Outcomes.

Making Better Curriculum Policies.

Chapter Assignments and Activities.

Seminal Works.

References.

8. Accountability and School Improvement.

Accountability in Education: A Brief History.

The Role of the Federal Government.

State Accountability Systems.

Policy Vignette: Accountability Policy in North Carolina.

Policy Vignette: Milwaukee's Three-Tiered Accountability System.

Recent Trends in Accountability.

The Value-Added Approach.

State Takeovers.

Public School Choice.

Viewing Accountability Through Different Policy Lenses.

Normative Dimension.

Structural Dimension.

Constituentive Dimension.

Technical Dimension.

9. Improving Teacher Personnel Policies: Better Teachers, Better Schools.

Normative Dimension.

Structural Dimension.

Constituentive Dimension.

Policy Vignette: New York Teacher Preparation Reforms.

Technical Dimension.

Teacher Education Policy Trends.

Teacher Union Policies.

Policy Vignette: Yonkers, New York, Teachers' Strike.

Law and Policy.

Teacher Preparation Policies.

Teacher Policies Reviewed.

10. School Finance and Equity: Better Policies, Better Use of Resources.

Normative Dimension.

Policy Biography: Theodore W. Schultz.

Structural Dimension.

The States Step In.

Policy Biography: Ellwood P. Cubberley.

Constituentive Dimension.

Defining Equity.

Horizontal Equity.

Vertical Equity.

Vertical and Horizontal Equity Together.

Technical Dimension.

Does Money Matter?

Tracking Money.

Policy in Practice: Western School District.

School Outliers.

Practical Issues: Improving School Productivity.

Future of Education Resource Policies.

11. Charter School Policy.

Equity Issues: Examining the Policy Differences in State Charter School Laws.

Equity in Policy Implementation.

Policy Vignette: Do Charter Schools Increase Segregation?

Policy Vignette: Do Charter Schools Serve Special Education and Limited English Proficient Students?

Policy Vignette: Teacher Certification, Experience, and Staffing.

Oversight and Accountability.

Evaluating Charter School Performance.

Barriers to Expansion.

Viewing Charter School Accountability Through Different Policy Lenses.

Normative Dimension.

Structural Dimension.

Constituentive Dimension.

Technical Dimension.

Conclusion.

12. Future Policies, Better Schools.

Policy Vignette: “No Child Left Behind Act” of 2002.

Normative Dimension.

Structural and Constituentive Dimensions.

Technical Dimension.

Conclusion.

References.

Index.

Biography of Authors.

Better Policies, Better Schools makes a welcome contribution to the current textbook market in educational policy. The authors weave together literature from numerous sub-fields to provide a unifying four-dimensional framework to approach educational issues.”

Kenneth Wong
Vanderbilt University

This book brings together the latest research on the policy making process and theory, and applies this information to key policy areas. The policy areas examined in the text include: governance, curriculum and standards, accountability, labor relations, finance and school choice. The text examines these policy areas from multiple perspectives or "lenses" that create a coherent, unified framework consisting of normative, structural, constituent, and technical dimensions. The three parts of the book flow from an introduction to the framework of policy analysis to application in policy arenas such as government and finance.

Special Features:

  • The book is divided into 3 distinct parts—Theory, Process, Application—to make information accessible and useful.
  • Policies are examined using 4 frameworks or “policy lenses”—normative, structural, constituent and technical—to enable students to view policy in a range of complexity.
  • Many examples of current policies are examined to show how policies are translated from theory to practice.
  • Each chapter begins with a Policy Vignette to provide examples of policy problems.
  • Chapters end with Chapter Assignments, Activities, Bibliographic lists of classic readings, and References allowing students to integrate chapter material and extend their research and knowledge.

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