Allyn & Bacon / Merrill

Education

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Teaching Learners of English in Mainstream Classrooms (K-8): One Class, Many Paths
Linda New Levine
Mary Lou McCloskey

ISBN-10: 0205410596
ISBN-13: 9780205410590

Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Copyright: 2009
Format: Paper; 384 pp
Published: 07/30/2008

Suggested retail price: $61.20
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Teaching Learners of English in Mainstream Classrooms is a unique text designed to help K-8 classroom teachers integrate language learning into the content curriculum.

 

Today’s ELL and Literacy courses place an increasing emphasis on the integreation of content and language learning in classroom lessons. This book helps teachers teach their grade level curriculum even though they may have English language learners in their classrooms. By using the strategies provided, teachers can promote content achievement for all of their students. Specificially written for content teachers, Linda New Levine and Mary Lou McCloskey’s clear and friendly writing style emphasizes practical application of known second language learning principles. This text clarifies concepts, defines key terms and offers classroom teachers practical strategies and tools not found in similar texts to integrate content and language learning, accelerating the academic achievement of their students. Sample thematic units provide strategies for integrating content and language learning. Techniques for developing reading writing and speaking skills in the content areas are also emphasized.  

 

  1. Each chapter begins with a teaching vignette from the classroom. Teachers will “see” how these principles and strategies are integrated into daily multilingual classroom instruction. 
  2. Information is provided to aid the development of reading and writing skills in older pre-literate learners as well as under-educated learners.  These populations are the most difficult to absorb into classrooms. Teachers in the middle school grades may be unfamiliar with techniques for teaching beginning reading to students. 
  3. Two integrated content-based thematic units are included.   One unit is at the primary level and the other geared to the intermediate grades. The units are multi-disciplinary and content based. They integrate content instruction, language instruction and learning strategies. 
  4. Reference to, and use of, the recently published TESOL/WIDA standards. Used by many states and correlated with ACCESS assessment for ESL, also used nationally.
  5. Principles and theory are made clear through sample vignettes and multiple practical examples throughout the text. Teachers will have a clear idea of how to integrate the underlying principles into the classroom instruction.
  6. Listening, speaking, reading and writing skill development is described in a content learning context. Language skills can be integrated throughout the classroom curriculum.
  7. Questions for Reflection and Learning Activities are provided for each chapter. If used in a college classroom, the instructor will have multiple ideas for further learning on every topic in the book. Web sites and suggested readings are also included.

List of Tables, Figures, and Photos

 

Introduction

 

Chapter 1:  Language Acquisition and Language Learning in the Classroom

 

What do we know about first language acquisition?

            Language acquisition is universal

            Language acquisition is natural

            Language acquisition does not require instruction

What is the nature of the first language environment?

            Children are immersed in language

            Language is highly contextualized

            Language is a tool for purposeful use

            Children are physically active while learning languages

            Acquisition occurs within a social environment

            Children choose those aspects of language they wish to acquire

            Language acquisition is emotionally embedded

            Language acquisition is an integrated learning experience

How is learning a second language in the classroom different from acquiring a first language?

            The acquisition and learning hypothesis

            The natural order hypothesis

            The input hypothesis

            The affective filter hypothesis

            The monitor hypothesis

What are factors affecting acquisition?

            Limited language input

            Classroom organization

            High content and language level

            Academic and social language

            Negative Bias

            Cognition, age, and social/cultural differences

            Error correction

            Culture shock

What strategies do ELLs use to acquire languages?

            Overgeneralization

            Transfer

            Simplification

What Can ELLs Tell Us About Positive Classroom Environments and Learning Experiences?

            ELLs are active acquirers

            ELLs seek to find meaning

            ELLs seek to use language for purposeful activity

            ELLs profit from physical activity

            ELLs are social beings

            ELLs choose the language they want to learn

            ELLs respond to an emotionally positive classroom

            ELLs respond to interesting content information

 

Questions for Reflection

Activities for further learning

Suggested readings about first language acquisition

Suggested readings about comprehensible input

Web Sites for further learning

References

 

 

Chapter Two 

 

Principles of Integrated Language Teaching and Learning

 Activity-Based Language Teaching and Learning

Principle 1:  Active Engagement.

Principle 2:  Cultural Relevance

Principle 3. Collaboration

Principle 4:  Learning Strategies

Communicative Teaching and Learning

Principle 5:  Comprehensible Input with Scaffolding

Principle 6: Prior Knowledge

Principle 7. Content Integration

Principle 8:  Differentiation

Principle 9.  Clear, Appropriate Goals and Feedback

Questions for reflection

Activities for further learning

Suggested Reading

Web Resources

References

 

Chapter 3: Reaching Out to Home and Community

 

Vignette

Questions

Teachers as Cultural Mediators

How do teachers connect to the homes and families of their students?

How can the school community support the education of language learners?

How can the community outside the school support the education of ELLs?

Questions for Reflection

Activities for Further Learning

Suggested Reading

Websites for Further Learning

References

 

 

 

 

Chapter 4: Principles for Managing the Integrated Classroom

 

Vignette

Questions

First Things First: Feeling Ready to Learn

            Greetings

            Provisioning

            Gathering information

Organizing the Physical Environment to Promote Language Learning

            Furniture is important

            Public areas

            Private space

Organizing the Classroom Social Environment to Promote Language Learning

            Social integration

            Presentation formats

            Grouping

            Learning styles

Organizing Instruction to Promote Language Learning

CALLA

Sheltered instruction

Cooperative Learning

Problem-based Learning

Project Learning

Questions for Reflection

Activities for further learning

Suggested readings on sheltered instruction

Suggested readings on cooperative learning

Web Sites

References

 

 

Chapter 5: Strategies for Oral Language Development During Instruction

 

Vignette

Questions

Conditions for Language Learning

Academic Language Learning

What is academic language?

Culturally diverse learning patterns

Oral Language Development

Stages of Oral Language Development

            Pre-production

            Early Production

            Speech Emergence

            Intermediate Fluency

Teacher Tools for Oral Language Development

Clarity Tools

Scaffolding

Question and Response Tools

Collaborative Dialogues

Questions for Reflection

Activities for Further Learning

Suggested Reading

Web Sites for Further Learning

 

 

Chapter 6: Oral Language Development in the Content Classroom

 

Content Learning and Oral Language Development

            Language Arts

                        Story Telling

                        Reader’s Theater

            Social Studies

            Math

                        Factors Affecting Achievement

                        Instructional Techniques for math class

            Science

                        Factors Affecting Achievement

                        Instructional Techniques for science class

Oral Language Development Every Which Way

            Songs and Chants/Poetry and Rap

            Role Plays, RAFTS and Simulations

Listening In While Not Tuning Out

            Sound Discrimination

            Listening for Understanding

Questions for Reflection

Activities for Further Learning

Suggested Reading

Web Sites for Further Learning

References

 

Chapter 7: Developing Literacy with English Learners: Focus on Reading

What is literacy?

Top-down approaches

Bottom-up approaches

Integrated approaches

Unique characteristics of English learners developing literacy

What is unique about English Language Learners who are developing literacy?

What ELLs bring

2. What ELLs need

The Language/Literacy Matrix

Issues in literacy development with older English learners 

What are our recommendations for these older learners?

Assessing ELL Literacy Development

Conclusion

Questions for reflection

Activities for further learning

Suggested Readings

Web resources for further learning

References

 

Chapter 8: Developing Literacy with English Learners: Focus on Writing

Why Teach Writing with English Learners?

How does writing develop with ELLs?

Connecting Writing to Active, Communicative Language Teaching and Learning

Challenges of teaching writing to English Learners

Developing a writing environment

Getting Started: Interactive Writing

Scaffolding Learners through the Writing Process

What is the Writing Process?

Modeling the Writing Process

Steps in Shared Writing

Assessing Writing

Determining Goals--Standards for ELL Writing.

Conclusion.

Questions for Reflection

Activities for Further Learning

Suggested Readings

Web Resources for Further Learning

References

 

Chapter 9: Structuring and Planning Integrated Lessons

 

Vignette

Questions

Lesson Characteristics which Support Learning

            Teacher directed instruction

            Heterogeneous grouping

            Appropriate content

            Attention to language

            Supportive practice

            Corrective feedback

A Lesson Format for Integrated Learning

Into the Lesson: Activating and Preparing for Learning

Content and Language Standards

            Defining content objectives

            Language objectives

            Performance Indicators (3 kinds of supports)

            Learning strategy Objectives (with Chamot chart)

            Activation of prior and current knowledge

Through: Input for Active Understanding and Practical Purpose

            Vocabulary

            Language and content input

            Guided practice

            Check for understanding (Dipsticking)  

Beyond: Providing Reasons for Further Communication

            Independent practice

            Summarizing

            Assessment

Questions for Reflection

Activities for further learning

Suggested reading

Web sites for further learning

References

 

Chapter 10: Assessment Tools for the Integrated Classroom

 

Vignette

Questions

What is Assessment?

Test

Assessment

Evaluation

Different types of assessment

What are the fundamental principles of assessment for ELLs?

What are the critical factors affecting the assessment of ELLs

What are examples of authentic, performance-based classroom assessment?

PBA

Self-assessment

Visible criteria

How do standards affect classroom assessment?

Questions for Reflection

Activities for further learning

Suggested reading

Web site for further learning

References    

 

 

Chapter 11: Putting It All Together Thematically: Developing Content-based

Thematic Units

 

Vignette

Questions

What is thematic instruction?

Why teach thematically?

How are thematic units structured?

·      Concrete to abstract

·      Low to high cognitive levels

·      Simple to complex content structures

What about standards in a Thematic Unit?

Organizing Content Curriculum in a Thematic Unit

Organizing Language Curriculum in a Thematic Unit

How can Learning Strategies be incorporated in to a Thematic Unit?

A Last Word

Questions for Reflection

Activities for further learning

Suggested readings

Web sites for further learning

References

 

 

Glossary

 

Integrated Thematic Unit: Fairy Tales

 

Integrated Thematic Unit: Oceans

A unique resource for today’s ELL and Literacy courses, Teaching Learners of English in Mainstream Classrooms is designed to help K-8 classroom teachers integrate language learning into the content curriculum.

 

Long-awaited, this book helps teachers include and integrate English language learners into their K-8 content classrooms. Teachers learn to promote content achievement for all of their students by using the helpful strategies provided.  Specifically written for content teachers in a friendly and clear writing style, Linda Levine and Mary Lou McCloskey emphasize practical application of known second language learning principles.  This resource stands out from other texts on the market by offering specific strategies to teachers to accelerate the academic achievement of all their students, using techniques for developing reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in the content areas.  

 

Key Features:

  • Each chapter begins with a teaching vignette from the classroom. Teachers will “see” examples showing how these principles and strategies for teaching English learners are integrated into daily content classroom instruction. 
  • Recommendations are provided to aid the development of reading and writing skills in older pre-literate learners as well as under-educated learners
  • Two integrated, multi-disciplinary content-based thematic units richly illustrate the teaching practices introduced in the book.
  • The recently published TESOL/WIDA standards are referenced and applied.
  • Available with MyEducationLab, a rich online resource that offers prospective teachers the opportunity to assess their knowledge, view live classroom footage, evaluate classroom artifacts, and much more!

Reviewers Are Raving!

 

"I loved page 33 Carousel brainstorming. A great way to incorporate listening, speaking, reading, and writing without lower level students feeling threatened."

-Mary A. Phillips, Title III Program Specialist in ESOL in Georgia

 

"The authors’ explanations show their broad knowledge in all aspects of teaching English learners and their comments and insights are like hidden gems..."

-Clara Lee Brown, University of Tennessee-Knoxville

 

View a Sample Chapter PDF:

 

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