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Teaching Performance Expectations for Educating English Learners
Maria V. Balderrama, California State University, San Bernardino
Lynne T. Diaz-Rico, California State University, San Bernardino

ISBN-10: 0205422195
ISBN-13: 9780205422197

Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
Copyright: 2006
Format: Paper; 368 pp
Published: 11/01/2005

Suggested retail price: $64.40
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Teaching Performance Expectations for Educating English Learners addresses the needs of elementary and secondary teachers in multilingual classrooms, including second-language learning across multiple academic subjects.

 

Renowned authors María V. Balderrama and Lynne Díaz-Rico provide in a single volume the techniques necessary to prepare teachers and other professionals to teach speakers of other languages and cultural backgrounds. This timely text is designed to be a comprehensive source of teaching techniques and effective educational practices, particularly those that meet California’s standardized Teacher Performance Assessment that prospective teachers must take. This book specifically addresses those standards by presenting explicit expectations that challenge teachers in multilingual, multiethnic classrooms. 

 

Subscribing to a teaching approach that respects and builds second-language skills upon a foundation of native-language proficiency, Teaching Performance Expectations for Educating English Learners contains the most up-to-date techniques currently available for promoting linguistic proficiency and features multiple effective teaching methods for the educator of English learners. The main tenet of the book is that successful English language learning results from a combination of rich, interesting content instruction and a fast-moving, engaging curriculum.

 

This book is aimed at undergraduate and graduate programs preparing teachers for public education in courses which feature ESL and bilingual methodology, English-language development, and content-area instruction for elementary and secondary classrooms. It is also an excellent supplementary book for courses in reading and language arts methods. Lastly, it is a great resource for educators who have identified a need for an update in this aspect of their professional practice.

  • Includes practical, effective resources to help the two million limited-English-proficient students nationwide succeed in school.
  •  Addresses the California Teacher Performance Assessment.
  • Connects the theory and practice, including language development pedagogy, critical practice, community linkage, and standards-based learning. 
  • Presents a comprehensive and contemporary look at methods for promoting academic achievement across a variety of content domains.
  • Offers a standards-based approach to teaching methods for English learners.
  • Contains vignettes in every chapter that bring the classroom and the techniques to life.
  • Provides an overview of language learning in the context of academic subjects.
  • Packed with strategy-based methods.
  • Addresses teaching multiple levels of English learners.
  • Includes examples for both elementary and secondary methods and curricula.

List of Tables.

List of Figures.

Introduction.

PART ONE: EXPECTATIONS FOR TEACHER PERFORMANCE.

1.         Professional Preparation To Teach English Learners.

                        English Learners in United States Schools.

                        Schooling: An Academic and Linguistic

                                    Challenge.

                                                English Learners and the No Child Left

                                                Behind Act.

                        Demographics of English Learners in the United

                                                States.

                                    English Learners: Geographic Distribution.

                                    Spanish-Speaking English Learners.

                                    Asian-Pacific English Learners.

                                    Putting Faces to Demographics.

                                    English Learners With Learning Challenges.

                                    Other Challenges Facing English Learners.

                                    Difficulties in Higher Education and

                                                 Management.

                        A Critical Perspective.

                                    Challenges for Teachers.

                                    Teaching for Social Justice.

                        The Professional Preparation of Teachers to

                                    Educate English Learners.

                                    Career Preparation for Teachers.

                                    Professional Organizations for Teachers.

                                    Information about Teaching English Learners.

                        Teaching Performance Assessment: Focusing on the

                                                English Learner.

                        An Award-Winning ELD Teacher.

 

PART TWO: THE CONTEXT OF TEACHING WITH INTEGRITY.

2.         Teaching with Integrity.

                        What is Teaching With Integrity?

                                    Expertise in Content.

                                    Intercultural Repertoire.

                                    High Academic Expectations for Students.

                                    Professional Ethics

                                    Clarity of Vision.

                                    Willingness to be Fully Human.

                        Teaching with Integrity and the Process of

                                                Instruction for English Learners.

                                    The Foundations of Instruction.

                                    Teacher Planning.

                                    Instructional Application.

                                    Assessment of Instruction.

PART THREE: FOUNDATIONS.

3. Knowledge about the Learner.

                        Learning about the Learner to Adapt Instruction.

                        Learner's Background.

                                    Name and Identity.

                                    Issues of Age.

                                    Grade-Level Performance.

                                    First-language (L1) Proficiency.

                                    Type of Bilingualism.

                                    Previous L2 Experience.

                                    Previous Academic Success.

                                    The Learner’s Likes and Dislikes.

                        Cognitive Psychological Factors.

                                    Learning Styles.

                                    Learning Strategies.

                        Social/Emotional Psychological Factors.

                                    Motivation.

                                    Self-Esteem.

                                    Anxiety.

                                    Attitudes about Learning.

                                    Level of Oral Interaction with Peers.

                        Social-Cultural Factors.

                        Societal-Contextual Factors.

 

PART TWO: FOUNDATIONS FOR INSTRUCTION.

4. Theories of Learning and Language Acquisition.

                        Theories of Learning.

                                    Traditionalism and Rationalism.

                                    Progressivism in Opposing Trends.

                                    Behaviorism.

                                    Cognitivism.

                                    Constructivism.

                                    Humanistic Teaching.

                                    Sociocultural Theory.

                                    Theories of Language Acquisition.

                                    First-Language Acquisition.

                        Second-Language Acquisition.

 

5. The Pedagogy for English Learners.

                                    Key Assumptions Underlying Effective Pedagogy.

                                    Clarity in How and What To Teach.

                        More than Methods and Good Intentions.

                        Democratic Practices as Pedagogy.

                        Bilingualism as an Asset.

                        Pedagogical Theories, Principles, and

                        Practices for Comprehensive Instruction of

                        English Learners.

                        Curricular Strategies.

                        Community-Sensitive Curriculum: Funds of Knowledge.

                        Teaching Responsively to Learners’ Family and

                        Cultural Backgrounds.

                                    Classroom Management Aligned with Humanistic Education.

                        Conversational Versus Academic Language.

                        Language Functions.

                        Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency.

                        Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English.

                        What Is SDAIE?

                       SDAIE: Overview of Core Elements.

                        Access to Content.

                        Creating Meaning Through Connections.

                        Comprehensibility.

                        Interaction.

                        Assessment: Formal and Informal.

                        Reflection/Critical Stance.

                        Questioning Strategies for English Learners.

                        Core Elements and Goals of Good Questions.

                        Classroom Discourse Patterns.

                        Socio-Cognitive Aspects of Questioning.

                        Questions at Various Levels.

                        Questions that Match Student Needs.

                        Increasing Wait Time.

                        Challenging Students to Perform Beyond Their Potential.

                        Learning Strategies.

                        Service Learning.

                        Computer-Based Education.

                                    Definitions Pertaining to Computers in the

                        Classroom.

                        Benefits of Computer-Assisted Instruction.

                                    The Best Use of Computers.

                        Conclusion: Pedagogy for English Learners.

 

PART FOUR: PLANNING STANDARDS-BASED INSTRUCTION.

6. Integrity in Planning and Designing Instruction for

                    English learners.

                    Teaching with Integrity and Standards.

                    Standards:  A Brief History.

                    What is Standards-Based Instruction?

                    What is Performance-Based Instruction?

                    Standards-Based Instruction and Curriculum

                    Objectives.

                    Standards-Based Instruction for English

                    Learners.

                            What is English Language Development Instruction?

                    Standards for Teachers.

                    Standards for Teachers of English Learners.

                    Standards and Testing: The Stakes are High.

                            Testing: The Pressure Is On.

                            Assumptions Underlying Reform.

                            Standards Versus Learners’ Needs.

                    Identification, Assessment, Placement and

                    Reclassification of English Learners.

                                    Identification.

                                    Assessment.

                                    Placement.

                                    Reclassification/Redesignation.

                     Lesson Planning.

                                    The Research on Lesson Planning.

                                    Planning to Teach English Learners.

                    Teaching to the English Language

                    Development Standards.

                    The Lesson Adapted to the English Learner.

                                    What Teachers Need to Know to Adapt Lessons.

                        Conclusion: What Makes an Effective Instructional

                                                Plan?

                                    Critical Stance.

                                    Teaching to the Humanity of Students.

                                    The Art and Science of Teaching.

 

PART FIVE: INSTRUCTIONAL APPLICATIONS.

7. Promoting Academic Achievement of English Learners.

                                    Content Standards for English Learners.

                        Academic Content in Multiple Subjects.

                        Elementary-School Mathematics.

                        Elementary-School Social Studies.

                        Elementary-School Science.

                                    Physical Education in the Elementary School.

                                    Music in the Elementary School.

                                    Visual and Performing Arts in the Elementary School.

                        Middle and High School Academic-Content Instruction.

                                    Secondary-School Mathematics.

                        Social Sciences and the Adolescent English Learner.

                        Secondary-School Science.

                        Language Arts in the Secondary School.

                        Physical Education as Life-long Fitness.

                        Music in the Secondary School.

                        Visual Arts in the Secondary School.

                        Conclusion.

           

8. English-Language Development.

                        The Connection Between English-Language.

                                    Development Standards and Instruction.

                        English-Language Development Curriculum Issues.

                                    Interlanguage Theory and ELD Teaching.

                                    ELD Respects and Builds on the Language

                                                Produced by the Learner.

                                    ELD Fully Engages and Develops the Mind.

                                    ELD Combines with Educational Psychology

                                                to Address the Needs of the Learner.

                                    ELD Builds Language Acquisition through

                                                Social Functions.

                                    ELD is Integrated with Academic

                                                Instruction.

                                    The Four-Part Literacy Curriculum.

                        Student Characteristics in English-Language

                                                Development Classrooms.

                        Commitment to Dual-Language Proficiency.

                        The Political Context of ELD Pedagogy.

                        Oracy in English-Language Development.

                                    Goals of Oral Language Development.

                                    Listening Processes.

                                    Speaking Processes.

                        Reading Processes in English-Language

                                                Development.

                                                Standards-based Reading Instruction.

                                                Emergent Literacy.

                                    The Basics of Learning to Read.

                                    Reading Strategies.

                                    The Three-Stage Reading Process and the

                                                Reader’s Schemata.

                                    Teaching Literature.

                        Writing Processes in English-Language

                                                Development.

                                    The Role of Writing in Academic

                                                Literacies.

                                    The Writing Workshop.

                        Conclusion:  Best Principles and Practices in

                        Oracy and Literacy.

 

9. Dual-Language Development.

                        Bilingual Education: Rationale and Roots.

                                    Linguistic Multicompetence as a Goal.

                                    Why Become Bilingual?

                                    The History of Bilingual Education in the United States.

                                    Dual-Language Development Programs-Bilingualism

                                                            and Biliteracy.

                                    Maintenance Bilingual Programs.

                                    Two-Way Bilingual Education Programs.

                                    Transitional Bilingual Education (TBE) Programs.

                                    Early-Exit Programs.

                                                            Structured English Immersion (SEI) Programs.

                                                            Newcomer Programs.

                                                Submersion (Sink-or Swim).

                        Second Language Study for Monolingual English

                                                Speakers.

                                                Foreign Language in the Elementary School

                                                            (FLES).

                                    Second/Foreign Language Immersion Programs

                                                            for Language-Majority Students.

                        Achieving a Linguistically Multicompetent

                        Society.

 

PART SIX: ASSESSMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR STUDENTS.

10. The Assessment of English Learners.

                        Types of Assessment.

                                    Assessment Terms.

                                    Classroom Assessments.

                                    Achievement and Proficiency Tests.

                        Limitations of Assessment.

                                    Difficulties in the Testing Situation.

                                    Test Bias.

                        Technical Concepts.

                                    Validity.

                                    Reliability.

                                    Practicality.

                        Assessing English Learners with Special Needs.

                        Student Errors in Oral and Written Language.

                                    Errors as Indicators of Language Learning.       

                                    Anticipating Errors.

                                    Students’ Awareness of Error.

                                    Correcting Errors.

                                    The Writing Process As Error Correction.

                                    Error Correction through Planned

                                                Classroom Activity.

                        Assessing with Integrity.

 

11.  Accountability to Families and Community.

                        Forming a Community of Learners.

                                    The Classroom as a Community.

                                    The Culture of the School and Classroom.

                                    The Relation of Cultural Values and Schooling.

                        Family Involvement in Schooling.

                                    What is Family Involvement?

                                    Families’ Rights of Due Process.

                                    Issues in Family Involvement.

                                    Barriers in Families-School

                                                Communication.

                                    Enhancing Home-School Communication.

                                    Family-Teacher Conferences.

                                    How Families Can Assist in a Child's

                                                Learning.

                                    A Model of Home-School Relationships.

                        Transformative School-Community Partnerships.

                                    Getting to Know the Community.

                                    Community Support for English Learners.

                        Working with Para-educators.

                                    Planning that Includes Assistants.

                                    Instructional Roles of Para-Educators.

 

PART SEVEN: ASSESSMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR TEACHERS.

12. Analyzing An Instructional Plan And Adapting It For English Learners.

                        Expectations for Adapting Instruction.

                        Analyzing the Lesson with the Needs of the

                                                English Learner in Mind.

                                    About the English Learner.

                                    Example of the Student’s Language Skills.

                                    Analysis of the Example of the Student’s.

                                                Language Skills.

                        Analysis of the Lesson Plan.

                        Instructional Adaptations.

                                    Adaptations to the Lesson Objectives.

                                    Adaptations to the Lesson Activities.

                        Adaptations to the Lesson Assessments.

                        Teaching and Videotaping the Lesson.

                        Analyzing the Lesson.

                        Reflecting on Instruction.

 

Conclusion.

 

Glossary.

 

Bibliography.

This is a book like no other in the market!


Teaching Performance Expectations for Educating English Learners addresses the needs of elementary and secondary teachers in multilingual classrooms, including second-language learning across multiple academic subjects.

Renowned authors María V. Balderrama and Lynne T. Díaz-Rico provide in a single volume the techniques necessary to prepare teachers and other professionals to educate speakers of other languages and cultural backgrounds. This timely book is designed to be a comprehensive source of teaching techniques and effective educational practices, particularly those that meet California’s standardized Teacher Performance Assessment that prospective teachers must take. This book specifically addresses those standards by presenting explicit expectations that challenge teachers in multilingual, multiethnic classrooms.

• Contains the most up-to-date techniques currently available for promoting linguistic proficiency.

• Features multiple effective teaching methods for the educator of English learners.

• Offers a standards-based approach to teaching methods for English learners.

• Packed with strategy-based methods.

• Addresses teaching multiple levels of English learners.


Read how this book can help you understand
Teacher Performance Assessment…
“The authors did an incredible job of presenting the pros and cons of the standards movement, standardized testing and the NCLB. They also presented the beginning of the standards movement and framed it in the context of the wider social system…They tied planning for instruction to performance-based assessment. This unification highlighted the relevance of planning for instruction. In addition, they emphasized the need to include the needs of second language learners into the curriculum. Superb job of linking assessment-planning-instruction-learning.The analysis on the planning/implementation of the lesson is crucial to students’ success.” Rosalinda Quintanar–San Jose State University

María V. Balderrama is Professor in the Department of Language Literacy and Culture at California State University, San Bernardino. A bilingual educator for more than 25 years, she works with teachers, students, parents and administrators in supporting social justice by democratizing schools and classrooms. Her research examines the role of ideology and politics in teaching and teacher preparation, the education of adolescents, and the organization of secondary schools.

Lynne T. Díaz-Rico is Professor of Education at California State University, San Bernardino, serving as coordinator of the M.A. in Education, TESOL program. Her research interests lie in intercultural communication in teaching, innovative methods in teacher education, and postmodern philosophies of education. She is the author of Teaching English Learners: Strategies and Methods and co-author of the Crosscultural, Language, and Academic Development Handbook (both from Allyn & Bacon).

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